American University Students Struggle With Mental Health

Many American university students struggle with mental health. Colleges and universities have a unique responsibility to care for the young adults living on campus. Throughout the last decade, universities have changed their mindset to limit their legal liability in almost every instance, often removing agency from students and instilling a lack of trust. In prioritizing trust among students, professors, and university administration, the stigma that surrounds mental health can dissipate, which allows students to take charge of their health without worrying about their academic standing. Because the stakes for treating mentally-ill students continue to increase, university choice to value liability management over student health†¦show more content†¦When colleges discipline students for their mental health status, trust dissolves and students are less likely to seek help early, contributing to a cycle that propagates stigma. Although the trust-oriented approach to mental he alth services benefits individual students, critics cite national traumas, such as the Virginia Tech shooting, as reason enough for universities to harbor disciplinary attitudes toward mental health issues. While the image of a mentally-ill student engaging in a shooting spree on a college campus is all too easy to conjure, the vast majority of mentally ill students will not engage in violence during their lifetimes, according to Lewis Bossing, a senior attorney at the Bazelon Center for Mental Health – a practice that has gained notoriety for handling high-profile Ivy League mental health cases (Kingkade). Those that engage in violence and suffer from mental illness are a microscopic portion of the 43.8 million American adults living with mental illness (Mental Illness Numbers). Additionally, An American Psychological Association Panel sustained that the mentally ill â€Å"should not be stereotyped as dangerous† (Baker). To do so only encourages publicly perceived sti gma, which discourages those suffering from mental health problems from seeking treatment. On college campuses, the stereotype propagates a negative self-perception, according to the University ofShow MoreRelatedSuicide Among Adolescents And College Students1649 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide among adolescents and college students has become a major problem in the United States. In the last few years there has been a steady increase in the number of suicides on college campuses in the United States. In the United States suicide is the third leading cause of death among persons aged 15-24 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). A study conducted by the University of Virginia suggests that more college students die as a result of suicide than alcohol abuse (TurnerRead MoreIn Prioritizing Trust Among Students, Professors, And University1594 Words   |  7 Pagestrust among students, professors, and university administration, the stigma that surrounds mental health can di ssipate, which allows students to take charge of their health without worrying about their academic standing. Because the stakes for treating mentally-ill students continue to increase, university choice to value liability management over student health remains short-sighted and ineffective. The mentality of liability management – the idea that colleges and universities should limitRead MoreEmotional And Psychological Mental Health Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesOver recent years’, emotional and psychological mental-health has become the biggest issue facing college students, today, because of increasing self-induced pressure, which, is causing more college students to experience frustration in athletics, suicide, failing grades, and more. â€Å"In October 2015, 69.2% of 2015 high school graduates were enrolled in colleges or universities† (â€Å"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics†). This large percentage of incoming new freshman have to learn and adapt to college lifeRead MoreEssay Issues That Modern College Students Face936 Words   |  4 PagesCollege students are thrust into a new academic world only to be met by seemingly insurmountable troubles. The strains of everyday life added to the unique dilemmas associated with higher education unfortunately snowballs into overwhelming difficulties. Students attending universities are frequently financially unstable and often prone to depression. These stressful issues affect many college pupils—outwardly the majority. However, their complications are not forgotten; helpful options are abundantRead MoreInformative Speech On Excessive Homework910 Words   |  4 Pagesunnecessary for the majority of college students. Introduction: Online Work Attention Getter: â€Å"About 45 percent of undergraduate students attend college while working part time. 80 percent of undergraduate students worked part-time along side of going to school.† As stated by Laura Perna. (American Association of University Professors.) Topic Introduction:Read MoreAcademic Success Videos : Sleep And The College Student967 Words   |  4 Pagesand the College Student. Academic Success Videos: Sleep and the College Student. Dartmouth University, 22 July 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2016. . This source was produced by The Media Production Group at Dartmouth and Dr. Carl P. Thum, Director of the Dartmouth Academic Skills Center. Carl Thum himself works with students at Dartmouth University in which he provides coaching for students suffering from ADD and also leads various workshops, mini-courses, and coaching sessions for students as well. In thisRead MoreKids Of Helicopter Parents Are Sputtering Out1502 Words   |  7 PagesDear Ms. Lythcott-Haims, While I was reading your article, â€Å"Kids of Helicopter Parents Are Sputtering Out† I was given a glimpse of how stressful it must be for students who have helicopter parents. Being what you would call a ‘free ranger’ myself, I had no problems with parental interference when it came to my studies. In this letter to you I will strive to point out the strongest and weakest parts of your article. You are able to use pathos, ethos and logos in several different ways to get yourRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Us Education System Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesStudents of color in the United States struggle to access higher education, as a result of institutional racism and discrimination. This is troubling because college education is considered a way to increase opportunity and chances of success with finding employment and earning a high salary. This disparity can be attributed to the history of racial segregation in the US education system, which has produc ed differences of opportunity between students of color and white students (Chaisson 2004). ItRead MoreThe Perfect Breeding Grounds For Eating Disorders Among Their Students882 Words   |  4 Pages There are many individual factors that when combined together make college and university campuses the perfect breeding grounds for eating disorders among their students. It was found by the National Institute of Mental Health that one in five women struggle with an eating disorder or disordered eating and that 90% of those affected were between the ages of 12 and 25, which includes college students. These disorders are becoming more and more prevalent on campuses, for example data from one collegeRead MoreCareer Plan For A Professional Development Plan1109 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment plan is to introduce my counselor identity, my plans for professional development, my clinical and academic training schedule and finally my plans for credentialing in the State of Maryland. I am cur rently seeking an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with an anticipated graduation date of May, 2020. This professional development plan was written on September 27, 2017. Counselor Identity Statement I accept those around me for who they are and the goals they are trying to obtain

The Three Major Religions Free Essays

The Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. We will write a custom essay sample on The Three Major Religions or any similar topic only for you Order Now God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basic rules for our guidance so that we may be good and righteous, according to God’s intention. All the major religions of the world have cities that hold special significance to their religion. It may be the home of a religious leader, the birthplace of their god, or the location of an important Temple or shrine. Many of these holy cities are important to more than one religion, which is a little more proof that we’re all more alike than we are different. All three religions acknowledge that Moses was a prophet of God. The prophets of Israel and Judah are one of the most amazing groups of individuals in all history. The Islamic faith eagerly awaits the return of the Prophet Jesus born by a miracle of God without a father. The Prophet Mohammed’s words give an account of the signs that will precede the coming of Jesus. Through Christianity, the prophets confirmed that God is sovereign over history and is working out His purposes in accordance with an overall plan, sometimes indiscernible, but always in the hands of the Lord. In Judaism, the people saw God’s initiative at work in every step of their corporate existence. Yahweh (God) had called Abraham to father a chosen people of destiny. In Exodus, God used the Prophet Moses to affirm His power, goodness, and concern for history The religion’s book of revelation, mediated by the prophet, is the Koran. It was not a completely new faith but is the third great monotheistic religion. In Muslim eyes, Mohammed completes a succession of prophets, including Abraham, Moses and Jesus, each of whom refined and restated the message of God. Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia that is of major religious importance to Muslims. Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Mohammed who converted Arabia to Islam. All practicing Muslims accept belief in the ‘Six Articles of Faith’ and are obliged to follow the ‘Five Pillars. ’   They are 1) Muslim profession of faith or shahada, 2) Ritual Prayer or salah, 3) Ritual Prayer or salah, 4) Fasting or sawm, 5) Pilgrimage or hajj. The division between Shia (followers of Ali) and Sunni (followers of the custom of the caliphate) persists to this day. Although both share most of the customs of the religion, Shiites place more emphasis on the guiding role of the imam. About 90% of the world’s Muslims are Sunni and about 10% Shia. Muslims prayer five a day. The most important day for them to worship Allah is Friday in the mosque. â€Å"Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar, is considered as one of the holiest months of the year. It was in 610 A. D. when the prophet Mohammad was said to have received revelations from God that later became Islam’s holy book, the Quran† (Ramadan – The Holy Month ,2010). Christians believe Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem. Bethlehem is a very important city to Christians because it is the place where Jesus was born. â€Å"The Christian life involves a number of different aspects. Among the key ones are fellowship with God Our relationships with others, and Obedience to God’s commands and Discipline†( Hedrick, C. 1995). The Christian concept of God as creator holds a middle ground. Christianity conceives of God as One. But it is not an isolated One. Rather, God is a person, who is capable of affecting and being affected by others. This is implicit in the concept of God as Father, which is one of the most characteristic teachings of Jesus. The concept of God as personal ultimately led to the Trinity, which is surely one of the most distinctive. In Christianity their holy book is the bible ( Jewish bible and New Testament). Also their main day for worship is on Sunday in a church, chapel, and cathedral. Judaism is a monotheistic religion which believes that the world was created by a single, all-knowing divinity, and that all things within that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order. There are three branch of Judaism which form a type of lifestyle and beliefs of Jewish individuals. â€Å"Orthodox- Traditionalists who observe most of the traditional dietary and ceremonial laws of Judaism. Conservative- Do not holds to the importance of a Jewish political state, but put more emphasis on the historic and religious aspects of Judaism, doctrinally somewhere between Orthodox and Reform. Reform- The liberal wing of Judaism, culture and race oriented with little consensus on doctrinal or religious belief† (McDowell, J. 1992). Judaism has no dogma, no formal set of beliefs that one must hold to be a Jew. In Judaism, actions are far more important than beliefs, although there is certainly a place for belief within Judaism. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power? The central prayer of any Jewish religious service is to â€Å"love God†. Palestine was where Judaism found. The main day for worship is on Saturday in synagogue. Moses was the greatest of the prophets for Judaism and there holy book was Torah ( bible). Comparing the view of God between Islam, Judaism and Christiantaiy would reveal som e similarities but Judaism and Christianity will come closer in doctrine. This is because of the Old Testament. Both Judaism and Christianity reject the Origin of the Islamic faith. These are broad statements in comparing the three but still are general facts. From infancy, Muslims are taught about the oneness of God, hence monotheism. Muslim theology also advocates unity of the human race as one family under God and reject the Biblical teaching of a â€Å"chosen† people. To the Muslim, Allah is the name of God that encompasses all the Holy divine attributes. As in the Jewish faith, Jesus is regarded as a prophet but is rejected as the Holy Son of God. Judaism, at least from a traditional religious sense, draws its belief in a monotheistic existence of God from the Old Testament writings. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power. The three religions believe that human beings are the highest creatures here on earth. The three Abrahamic religions believe that God and human beings can and should communicate with each other. By revelation God communicates to people, among which the most important are revelation through prophets. These revelations are recorded in the Holy Scriptures of each religion. While the Holy Scriptures of the three religions are not the very same, nevertheless the younger two religions acknowledge God’s truth as found in the previous religions, and encourage respect to the Holy Books. All three religions foster modesty, moderation, and honest work. We are to submit ourselves to the will of God. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share many salient features. All three of these major world religions posit the existence of a single God, or a monotheistic deity. In Christianity, however, it is held that the single God is possessed of three natures, that of God the Father, the Son , and the Holy Spirit. Despite differences, at their core all three religions share the theme of right living and social interaction based upon it, as demonstrated in the following precepts from each religion: Christianity Thou shall not steal; Thou shall not commit adultery; Honor they mother and father. Islam Religion is based on reward and punishment; be good and you will be rewarded, be bad and you will be punished on the terrible day of reckoning. Judaism Refrain from incest, bloodshed, robbery, injustice and lawlessness, inhuman conduct, and idolatry. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior. How to cite The Three Major Religions, Papers

3/26/00 Essay Example For Students

3/26/00 Essay Period 2A Clockwork OrangeBy Anthony BurgessMany of us like to think that humanity as a whole is progressing to a better future where we will live united and in peace with one another. Nevertheless, there are those among us that do not share these beliefs. In A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess, a futuristic world is turned upside down and in shambles. This 1962 classic is a frightful depiction of what our society could become and possibly, what it already is. Drugs almost seem to be legal and unregulated and subsequently are widely used. The prison system is overcrowded with young punk criminals who are inherently evil with no regard for humanity, or any part of society for that matter. Youth take over the streets at night and beat anyone they encounter. The elderly sit around in bars and drink the remainder of their lives away. The people have become desensitized to violence, because it is so prevalent in their lives. A Clockwork Orange is a very intriguing story that deals with many social problems, not offering a solution, but pointing out obstacles in the way of the creation of a more perfect society. A Clockwork Orange is written in the first person by the main character, Alex. Three of his droogs(friends) that help him in his crimes are Dim, Pete, and Georgie. Throughout the story, the author creates his own language called nadsat, which is used by the youth of the futuristic world. Nadsat is a mix of Russian, English, and the slang words of both. The story begins at the start of a wild and violent night with Alex and his friends sitting in a diner. To start a typical night they encounter an old man walking the streets, so they harass and hit him. However, this is not just any ordinary harassing episode but more of a complete and utter pounding. They beat the defenseless man until he is all bloody and disfigured. They then send him on his way, half naked and crawling home, later that night they saw an old drunken man sitting on the ground and they decided to beat him until he was delirious. This is a very typical action of Alex and his friends on any given night. The next night Alex and his friends stole a car and took it for a joyride when they decided to break into a cabin on desolate road. When they got in, they started roughing up the owners and trashing the place. When one of the droogs noticed a typewriter with a story lying next to, it called A Clockwork Orange. The boys thought it was an odd title and Alex started to r eally beat the man, he beat him until he was bloody and lifeless. This time his friends thought that he had gone too far. His friends betray him by telling the police. Alex is convicted of murder and sentenced to fourteen years in prison at the age of only fifteen. He goes to jail and still goes about his violent ways, and eventually kills another prisoner. After this, he is chosen as a subject for a new experimental treatment called, Ludvicos Technique, it is supposed to cure him of his ultra-violent ways. He is transferred to a new building specifically made for this new treatment. Here he is conditioned through many injections and he is made to watch films of rape and violence. The mixture of these images and the drug cause him to associate feelings of panic and nausea with violence. Alex is released after two weeks in this new program, he is deemed cured and released back into the general public after only 2 years of incarceration. After a few encounters with past victims of his he finds himself at the home of a writer; who had also been a victim of Alexs, but does not recognize him. The writer is strongly opposed to the new treatment the government has subjected Alex too. This writer believes that this method robs the recipient of freedom of choice and moral decision ? therefore depriving him of being human at all. After Alex is in public for a while he is beaten and taken advantage of by many people. He eventually goes back to his violent ways, and joins another gang. Alex eventually attempts suicide and the state is forced to admit that the therapy was a mistake and ?cures him again. Alex realized that his ultra-violent ways were wrong so he wanted to start a family, now that he saw his old droog Pete was married and had a family. Legality Of Same Sex Marriages! EssayThis book is one that seems perplexing on the outside because it is riddled with such slang that no one is used to but once you get through one chapter you can get the gist of what the characters are saying. If the reader looks down into the deeper meaning of the text there is a lot to be said about it. How should people be reformed to fit into society? To what length should the government or anybody go to mold and form people to a particular norm or desired shape? From a review, one would think this book to be simplistic but it is quite complex and very entertaining with the violence it seems to be a good thriller. All of these questions are raised in A Clockwork Orange. This makes it not only a thrilling page-turner but a thought-provoking novel also.

To Kill a Mockingbird An Analysis Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis Essay To Kill a Mockingbird is definitely an excellent novel in that itportrays life and the role of racism in the 1930s. A reader may not interpretseveral aspects in and of the book through just the plain text. Boo Radley,Atticus, and the title represent three such things. Not really disclosed to the reader until the end of the book, ArthurBoo Radley plays an important role in the development of both Scout and Jem. In the beginning of the story, Jem, Scout, and Dill fabricate horror storiesabout Boo. They find Boo as a character of their amusement, and one who has nofeelings whatsoever. They tried to get a peep at him, just to see what Boolooked like. Scout connects Boo with the Mockingbird. Mrs. Maudie defines amockingbird as one who dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do onething but sing their hearts out for us (94). Boo is exactly that. Boo is theperson who put a blanket around Scout and Jem when it was cold. Boo was the oneputting gifts in the tree. Boo even sewed up Jems pants that tore on Dillslast night. Boo was the one who saved their lives. On the contrary to Scoutsprimary belief, Boo never harms anyone. Scout also realizes that she wrongfullytreated Boo when she thinks about the gifts in the tree. She never gaveanything back to Boo, except love at the end. When Scout escorts Arthur home andstands on his front porch, she sees the same street she saw, just from anentirely different perspective. Scout learns what a Mockingbird is, and whorepresents one. Arthur Radley not only plays an important role in developing Scout andJem, but helps in developing the novel. Boo can be divided into three stages. Primitively, Boo is Scouts worst nightmare. However, the author hints at Booactually existing as a nice person when he places things in the tree. Thesecondary stage is when Mrs. Maudies house burned to the ground. As Scout andJem were standing near Boos house, it must have been rather cold. So, Booplaces a warm and snug blanket around Scout and Jem, to keep them warm. Thisscene shows Boos more sensitive and caring side of him, and shows that hereally has changed after stabbing his father. The last and definitely mostimportant stage is when he kills Bob Ewell to save Scout and Jem. This stageportrays Boo as the hero and one who has indefinitely changed his personalityand attitudes. After the final stage, Boo does not deserve to be locked upinside his house. Atticus Finch is a man of strong morals. He follows them exclusively,and does not hold up to the Finch family name, as defined by Aunt Alexandria. Atticus is the most pure and good-hearted person one may ever `see.` Althoughit does not seem like it, Scout will evolve into her father; Jem will not. Scout finally understand all the things he says. For example, in the beginningAtticus tells Scout, You never really understand a person until you considerthings from his point of viewuntil you climb into his skin and walk around init (34). She then realizes that Mrs. Caroline did not know Maycomb, and couldnot just learn it in one day. Scout comes to terms that it was wrong to becomeupset with Mrs. Caroline. Scout learns several other lessons. For example, onpage 94, Atticus says his most important line in the book, remember its asin to kill a mockingbird. Through clarifications from Mrs. Maudie, Scoutaccepts her fathers words. Atticus also teaches his kids a lesson when hedefends Tom Robinson, an innocent black person. Although Atticus knew from theinstant he accepted the case that Tom had no chance, he had to do his duty as anhonest and impartial citizen of Maycomb. Atticus poured his heart intodefending Atticus, and did a damn fine job. He taught his kids the right thing,that all individuals are created equal. If Aunt Alexandria had raised Scout andJem, they might have not cried at the end of the trial; they would not want tohurt the Finch family reputation. It was Atticus who received a standingovation from the Blacks Balcony. It is because of Atticus good heart thatCals black church accepted the children. Atticus has probably built a bettername for his family than Aunt Alexandria would have, had she lived with theFinches. .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .postImageUrl , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:hover , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:visited , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:active { border:0!important; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:active , .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7109091d4c829ff6063dd894caa2fa2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (1294 words) EssayBefore reading To Kill a Mockingbird, the title itself means nothing. The title is the foundation of a house. It is just a slob of cement, and cannotbe interpreted. While reading the book, pieces of wood fit together and thehouse starts to stand up. After reading the book, the house is fully paintedand decorated. The landscaping is complete, and the house is beautiful. Several things and people represent the Mockingbird throughout thenovel. The understanding of the Mockingbird can bee seen in three steps. Thefirst step is in chapter 10. Atticus tells Jem to never shoot a mockingbird,because it causes no harm. At this point, neither Jem nor Scout understand whatAtticus is saying. Secondly, Scout finds a roly-poly in chapter 25. In answerto Scouts desire to kill the bug, Jem says, Because they dont bother you(241). At this second stage, Jem, not yet Scout, has understood Atticus holywords. The last depiction is in the final chapters of the book. ThisMockingbird is Arthur Boo Radley. Boo ends up to save both Jem and Scoutslives, by killing Bob Ewell. At this final stage in the book, Scout, as well asJem, understands Atticus and his saying. Scout realizes life. To Kill a Mockingbird is a very inspirational book. Not only is it abook for pleasure, it shows us today how far we have come, and yet the longjourney ahead. Boo Radley and Atticus were very important characters, for boththe developments of kids in the book and reader. The title is something thatcan be interpreted in many ways. Each one will be different, based on thereaders philosophy and beliefs. dCategory: English

Choosing a Non

Choosing a Non In this paper, I will briefly set up Callicott’s project by highlighting his main arguments in his article. Further, I will argue that Callicott is right in preferring the Hume/Darwin/Leopold Land Ethic value theory for environmental ethics over Theism and Holistic Rationalism. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Choosing a Non-Anthropocentric Value Theory for Environmental Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I will do this by arguing that human activities cause major environmental destructions and thus, man must have ‘land ethics’ so as to preserve the biotic community. This can only be achieved if human beings accept to be mere members of biotic community and stop using land as ‘their’ commodity. In his article, â€Å"Non-Anthropocentric Value Theory and Environmental Ethics, Callicott starts by informing that the implication of the term ‘environmental ethics’ va ries considerably. As such, certain authors analyze environmental ethics as a function of existing philosophical thoughts in connection to the environment while others present it as an exceptional ethical entity. According to Callicott (300), when environmental ethics is taken to be more hypothetical than an applied discipline, then, most important philosophical task for environmental ethics is the development of non-anthropocentric value theory. ‘Anthropocentric value theory’ is described as any conjecture that consigns natural values to mankind and views other living organisms as important creatures that enhance human survival (Callicott 299). Therefore, the application of utilitarian calculus to determine the degree of correctness or unfairness of acts that have certain implications on the environment is undoubtedly anthropocentric. On the other hand, non-anthropocentric theories view all living things as equal beings. Non-anthropocentric theories contest the convic tion that only humans can enjoy intrinsic values. One such theory is ‘animal liberation theory’ (ethical hedonism) which is highly convectional. It is said to be conventional since it only has a slight variation from the condemned anthropocentric and utilitarian theories. It only calls for reliable implementation of anthropocentric theories. Its pros squabble that the belief that human beings are only creatures that undergo soreness and gratification was not included in the original ideologies of utilitarian theories. Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the tribulations incurred from ethical hedonism are the same as those of utilitarianism. As such, animal liberation theorists would permit the obliteration of forests to acquire feed for cattle since trees are unconscious beings. Furthermore, the theory fails to acknowledge the importance of maintain ing equilibrium between species so as to realize a sustainable ecosystem. Callicott also takes time to elaborate on ethical conativism and give his verdict. The theory was coiled from Schweizerian respect for existence. Ethical conativism describes interest using the â€Å"will-to-live† (conatations) and also describes natural values â€Å"in terms of interests†. As such, living organisms possess inherent importance when interests are comprehensibly consigned to them. This theory considers plants in environmental ethics by arguing that, plant, in addition to other life forms, have interests despite the fact that they lack consciousness. Nevertheless, the theory is criticized as it fails to show the distinction between household and untamed animals as well as the importance of marvelous organismic entities. Besides, if the theory is followed to the letter, individuals would be forced to consume dead foods like fruits and vegetables. As a result, Callicott (55) thinks of useful options like theistic axiology as well as holistic realism. According to theistic theories, every living organism is good and it possesses natural values since it’s created by the Almighty God. Accordingly, God gave human beings control over world and therefore, human race should take maximum responsibility for God’s creatures rather than taking advantage of them. Holistic realism views all living organisms as possessing intrinsic values depending on their integrity. Nevertheless, Callicott abandons these theories due to their lack of appeal in scientific world. Thus, he establishes four important attributes of any value theory in regard to environmental ethics. As such, all living things as well as super organismic entities ought to be assigned inherent value and a difference should be established between tamed and untamed animals. In addition, such theories should be in line with modern biology concerning advances in the fields of ecology and evolution. Fur ther, theories of environmental ethics must assign intrinsic values to every component and group found in the ecosystem. Thus, I tend to argue that Callicott’s support for Leopold’s ‘Land Ethics’ deserves credit. The best thing about land ethics is that it cautions human beings against using land as ‘their’ commodity. Instead, it requires man to view land as a community where he belongs so that he can express love and affection to other community members. By respecting the land, man will not interfere with flow of energy between the soil, trees and animals. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Choosing a Non-Anthropocentric Value Theory for Environmental Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Energy flow is sustained by food chains as well as death and decay of living organisms. The relationship between living things is influenced by evolution and human beings. However, huma n activities are the most catastrophic. Callicott agrees with Leopold’s view that we must have ‘land ethics’ in order to maintain the interactions occurring in the land. By doing this, we accord moral value to the land instead of acknowledging particular members. However, a number of scholars have disputed the rationalization of land ethics. They argue that the author of Land Ethics directly shifted from describing the land to prescribing what human beings ought to do in the land. Here, Callicott may wonder if such individuals read the initial pages of â€Å"A Sand County Almanac†. Their possible reply would be yes but argue that there is no real justification of Leopold’s claims. Though the cons may have a point, Callicott may argue that the book has great arguments supported by evidence resulting from acute observations just as Darwin observed the course of evolution. Callicott would say that such criticisms are uncalled for since Leopold gave mo ral recognition to the land on grounds of ethical attitudes and affection rather than specific characteristics. The opponents may then have some questions; (a) ‘why must human beings preserve the land?’ and (b) what is unique about living things that we should preserve the land? Callicott would like to use common sense and argue that we all know the importance of a healthy environment. Our well being is linked to the well being of the ecosystem. We must show love to the land so that it can have joy and produce food. Otherwise, we shall destroy our own good. Therefore, according to Callicott, the main question should be based on our feelings towards the land rather than basing it on land qualities. This would enable human beings to have moral respect for the entire biotic community and eliminate the disparities between prescriptive and descriptive opinions. However, Callicott opponents may argue that attitudes and emotions are inappropriate bases for environmental ethi cs. More so, there are many individuals who lack affection for biotic factors in any case whatsoever. So, the cons may wonder if Callicot would quit campaigning for environmental conservation if these individuals disregard the principles of land ethics. In this case, Callicott would provide a different case for assigning ethical consideration according to holistic entities. People should realize that interests are not necessarily linked to conscious skills. Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is an opportunity for non-conscious objects to express their interests as well. It can be argued that respiration is in the interest of young kids even though they do not understand the importance of fresh air in addition to lacking conscious need for the same. As such, even unconscious organisms have a need to fulfill their interests. The children and the animals â€Å"have a good of their own† necessitated by their developmental needs and their interests must be given ethical considerations. The opponents may agree with the explanation of giving moral consideration to holistic entities. However, they may question on how to exercise this moral duty while trying to protect the environment. Why should proponents of land ethics allow killing of ‘other’ over populous biotic factors and save human beings who cause major environmental destruction? As a reply, Callicot would argue that giving moral value on basis of holistic entities should not be used as a basi s of taking away human rights as well as human interests. He would argue that biotic community is just one of the many associations in the land which should be valued. Animals may be killed and people must not be murdered because human community is tighter than human-animal community. Thus, community promise would allow killing of animals only. Callicott support for Leopold’s work is a good step forward. Land ethics may help people to accept their position in the community of biotic system thus enabling them to care for other community members. Through this, the flow of energy in the land will be uninterrupted and this will help man to achieve his goods such as food. The senior rank of humans in the biotic community confers upon them a responsibility of preserving the ecosystem but not to destroy it. Work Cited Callicott, Baird, J. â€Å"Non-Anthropocentric Value Theory and Environmental Ethics†. American Philosophical Quarterly 21.4 (1984): 299-309. Print.

Business Ethics for Practices and Processes-myassignmenthelp

One of the industries prone to risks and accidents is the oil and gas industry (Gardiner, 2011). Ethical considerations while operating in this industry is highly fundamental because a simple mistake can lead to mass destruction and even loss of lives (Danielle, 2015). While operating oil and gas organizations, the management should know that the pany has the responsibility of ensuring everything goes as expected to prevent environmental pollution, and accidents which result from fire and other aspects associated with these products. One of the ethical risk management in oil and gas industry includes reducing the chances of oil leaks, spillage and explosion. Corporate governance aids in reducing accidents in the fact that managers emphasize on ensuring there is safe working environment for all employees (Iqba, 2015). Through working in a system of rules, practices and processes, employees as well as the management considers avoiding accidents which result from negligence. Corporate governance in oil and gas industry helps in balancing the interest of different stakeholder and working based on the law (Humphrey etl., 2016). This help in minimizing accidents because the employees and the management work for the benefits of not only the organization but also for the wellbeing of all stakeholders. Managing risks includes certification and training employees on how to reduce accidents from happening (Wicksten, 2015) managers should empower employees through allowing them to play a role in developing policies, procedures and incentives. The major importance of empowering employees to develop policies is that they will be able to understand and follow them while undertaking their day to day duties. When employees are trained concerning their responsibilities while handling oil and gas products, they understand it is unethical to let living things perish because of negligence. Training employees is important because it improves workplace safety productivity and satisfaction. It also provides them with skills which enable them to handle the products with keenness to ensure the chances of accidents are minimized. Managing risk relates with reducing accidents in the fact that taking risk prevention measures leads to the reduction of accidents. Establishing code of conduct for employees is vital for the organization because it plays a significant role in outlining the organization’s expectation and guiding principles for appropriate workplace behavior (Kihyun, 2016). The code of conduct in the oil and gas industry is vital because it provides legal and ethical guidelines which strengthen the relationship between clients, service users and employees. With this type of relationship, accidents are minimized because the pany manages risks to improve the wellbeing of all stakeholders. There should also be provision of incentives to improve the safety culture. This should start by training employees on risk management techniques and also letting them know that managing risks in this industry contributes to reduction of accidents (Danielle, 2015). The three incidences provided in the case study shows managing risk is related to reducing risks because all accidents resulted from not taking the required measures to manage risks. How ethical leadership assist the oil and gas industry to manage risk. Performance of every organization is always determined by the kind of leadership exercised by the senior officials. Ethical leadership in gas and oil industry can aid in managing risk in a number of ways (Cardenas, 2015). First, if the people in charge of the panies practices ethical leadership and understand the risks of neglecting things which can lead to accidents, they will always ensure all procedures required during production, transporting and storing these products are followed (Kihyun, 2016). The major cause of most accidents which occur in oil and gas industry is lack of valuing ethics in leadership. A leader who leads a pany which operates in is industry should always understand that the products which the firm deals with risk the lives of human beings, animals and plants (Banerjea, 2010). Therefore, they should lead the organizations in a manner which allows everyone to understand that it is unethical to risk lives because on negligence. This can be obtained through leading by example, training, setting rules and regulations and so forth (Danielle, 2015). Ethical leadership leads to making other people in the organization to be ethical. If a leader understands doing a particular thing will lead to a particular risk, he/she will also make other people in the organization understand that (Iqba, 2015). Through enabling everyone in an organization understands doing a particular thing is wrong or wring, there will be reduction of risks because people will be doings things which can ensure maximum safety of environment and living things. The characteristic which define ethical leadership are the ones which assist in managing risks in this industry (Iqba, 2015). For example, ethical leaders know it is unethical to neglect doing what can prevent accidents from happening. The fact that they exercise kind of leadership which is directed by respecting ethical beliefs, dignity and the rights of other people will always prioritize minimizing risks which can harm others. Ethical leadership will also reduce risks in oil and gas industry through informing other staff members that every living thing has the right to live, and neglecting to prevent things which risk other people’s lives is unethical (Kihyun, 2016). Ethical leaders direct organizations to do what is right for not only the benefits of the organization but also for the benefit of other people. Ethical leaders respect the rights of individualism, dignity and opinion of other people. This kind of leadership does not force its viewpoints on subordinates but seeks to understand and a modate the positive differences and standpoints of other people (Kihyun, 2016). Respecting other people’s rights assist in minimizing accidents in this industry because the management understands human beings have the right to live, and therefore manages all risks in their organizations. Ethical leadership encourages the culture of responsibility and transparency (Gardiner, 2011). In all industries, oil and gas is among the industries which require the essence of accountability because lack of taking responsibilities may lead to serious risks. Ethical leadership makes all the people in the organization to understand that they are accountable for whatever lack of managing risks (Aaron etl., 2017). Practicing ethical leadership reduces risks in the fact that it assists the management and other employees to know the importance of including corporate social responsibility and obeying the law in their operations (Iqba, 2015). The other reason why ethical leadership can help in managing risks in gas and oil industry is that ethical leaders do not encourage culture of corruption and greed. In some cases, some of the accidents which occur in this industry result from leaders entertaining greed and corruption in their organizations (Banerjea, 2010). A good example from the case study is the kind of leadership associated with Enron case of the 90’s. The other way which ethical leadership can assist in managing risks in oil and gas industry is through quality management and safety control. Ethical leaders understand that organizations should ensure there is safety for not only the employees but also for other stakeholders (Douglas, 2010). Ethical leaders ensure no deaths, injuries or environmental pollution which results from lack of following the required guidelines during production and transportation of these products.   ensuring quality management also plays a significant role minimizing risks in this industry because ethical leaders emphasizes on regular inspection of pipes, storage tanks and other facilities to ensure they are of   good quality. According to Iqba (2015), oil and gas industry is one of the industries prone to accidents and therefore quality of not only the oil and gas but also for all equipment involved in production, transportation and storage should be prioritize. Ethical leaders direct organizations to operate based on rules to attain their objectives (Kihyun, 2016). Operating based on the law means the organizations does the right thing and follows the required procedures during production, transportation or storage of the oil and gas products. Ethical leaders make employees understand the consequences of breaking not only the national law but also the pany rules and regulations. This makes every person in the pany to do the right things even when the results do not benefit them. Ethical leaders direct organizations to adhere to the required policies and procedures of doing things. In some cases, accidents in this industry because of using shortcuts while handling the products (Banerjea, 2010).   Following procedures during transportation, production or storage of oil and gas products aids in minimizing risks because people do not neglect doing what is right. According to Julie (2015), ethical leaders empower employees through trust and encouraging open munication. Through empowerment, leaders who practice ethical leadership manage risks because employees have an input and control over their work. They also openly share ideas about how to minimize risks. According to Iqba (2015), empowered employees mit themselves to the tasks they undertake and ensure they mind the wellbeing of their counterparts and that of the society. Ethical leadership can help in managing risks in gas and oil industry through various ways. Some of these include encouraging culture of responsibility and transparency, environmental risk management, and through quality and safety management. Ethical leaders do what is right for the benefits of not only their organization but also for the benefits of other people. This means if all leaders in oil and gas industry adapt this kind of leadership, risks which arise from various aspects like spillage, bursting and leakage can be managed.   Aaron W. Tustin, 1 Annemarie G. Hirsch, 2 Sara G. Rasmussen, 1 Joan A. Casey, 3 Karen Bandeen-Roche, 4 and Brian S. Schwartz, 2017. Associations between Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Nasal and Sinus, Migraine Headache, and Fatigue Symptoms in Pennsylvania. Envorimental Health Perspectives https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/EHP281/   Banerjea, P. K., 2010. Wholesome Ethical Leadership[dagger]. IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 9(1/2), pp. 45-57. Cardenas, G. J., 2015. The Era of Petroleum Arbitration Mega Cases: mentary on Occidental V. Ecuador, ICSID Award, 2012. Houston Journal of International Law, 35(3), pp. 34-56. Danielle, K. A., 2015. Transporting Oil and Gas: U.S. Infrastructure Challenges. Iowa Law Review, 100(3), pp. 67-78. Douglas, P. A., 2010. At What Cost, Intelligence? A Case Study of the Consequences of Ethical (and Unethical) Leadership. Military Review,, pp. 25-45. Enzo, F., 2011. Review: Blowout in the Gulf: The BP Oil Spill Disaster and the Future of Energy in America. Electronic Green Journal, Volume 42, pp. 56-67. Emilia Hermelinda Lopera Pareja (1), Ana Garcà ­a Laso (2), and Domingo Alfonso Martà ­n Sà ¡nchez (2), 2015. Discourses and values underpin public debate on fracking in Spain: Acase study at the crossroad. Geophysical Research Abstracts. Vol. 17, EGU2015-1934, 2015 Gardiner, S. M., 2011. A Perfect Moral Storm: The Ethical Tragedy of Climate Change. New York: Oxford University Press. Humphrey, P., Carter, D. A., & Simkins, B., 2016. The market's reaction to unexpected, catastrophic events. The Journal of Risk Finance, 17(1), 2-25. Retrieved from https://search.proquest /docview/1756475345?accountid=30552 Iqba, Z., 2015. CEO Age, Education, and Introduction of Hedging in the Oil and Gas Industry. Journal of Economics and Finance,, 39(1), pp. 65-78. Juanes, Ruben & Shaw, John H., 2017.Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Modeling and Assessment of Induced Seismicity, at the Castor Underground Gas Storage Project, Final Report. Page 73 Conclusions ; Page 74 R endations Julie, C., 2015. What Is an Ethical Leader?: The Characteristics of Ethical Leadership from the Perceptions Held by Australian Senior Executives. Journal of Business and Management, 21(1), pp. 123-128. Kihyun, L., 2016. Ethical Leadership and Followers' Taking Charge: Trust in, and Identification with, Leader as Mediators. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 44(11), pp. 234-256. Nyankson, E., Rodene, D. & Gupta, R.B. 2016, "Advancements in Crude Oil Spill Remediation Research After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill", Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol. 227, no. 1, pp. 1-22. Perry, R., 2011. THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL AND THE LIMITS OF CIVIL LIABILITY, Washington Law Review, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 1-68. Urbanavicius, Jonas, 2015. European Networks Law and Regulation Quarterly (ENLR) ; Berlin 3.2 (2015): 93102. Wansley, Matthew T., 2016. Regulation of Emerging Risks.   Nashville 69.2 (Mar 2016): 401-478. Wicksten, M. K., 2015. Vertical Reefs: Life on Oil and Gas Platforms in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

The Gattaca and Brave New World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Gattaca and Brave New World - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that both the movie Gattaca and book â€Å"The Brave New World† have a character who share similarity and at some points expressing different opinions. The main characters in these artworks are similar in the sense that they are portrayed as strong characters that readily rebel against their own societies. After the encounter with DNA in a black market, Vincent decides to change his identity to a famous astronaut making everyone view him as an â€Å"invalid†. This character accomplished this transformation only after realizing that he has more strength than his brother is, particularly after defeating him in their swimming game. John and Bernand also rebel against their society form reading and thinking people. The writing by John Stuart Mill that â€Å"it is better being a human being who is dissatisfied than a pig who is satisfied† may be qualitatively analyzed to satisfy the status of humanity to t hat of a pig or better describe the dissatisfying nature of humans. The book The Brave New World and movie Gattaca artistically create fictional places that satisfy the needs and the desire of humanity; nonetheless, with prices to pay. These stories reveal the achievement in the field of science, especially in biology and genetics. However, the social progress within their storylines presents the sense of individualism, discrimination, and the loss of personal freedom, particularly among those who are not biological elites. Both stories are dealing with the potential imperfections of utopia; therefore, they are entirely referred to dystopias. Moreover, they as well real the optimistic visions by which societies are striving to achieve, but they never tend to achieve the same desires or goals.

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry Essay

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry - Essay Example Various organizations use statistics to make decisions. Health information technology which is based on statistics is a very integral aspect of the health care organizations. For example, in healthcare organizations there are numerous reasons for collecting patients’ data and analyzing it. For instance statistics about activities that take place in the healthcare organization shows the details of the patients and how they have been attended to as well as the cost of the care. The details on patients care statistics and their performance can indicate quality of care offered to them. Most of the recognized organizations need data analysis system which is used as part of accreditation while many third party payers need facilities in collecting performance data. Healthcare administrators also require statistics in order to prioritize services needed and to establish where efficiency and effectiveness need to be increased. The healthcare facilities are as well interested in kind of patients they attend to in regard to their diagnosis. This is important in that it helps them maintain the top physician specialty mix required in the healthcare organizations. Moreover the government needs to maintain population statistics so as to establish the number of healthcare institutions needed. As a result the government establishes a health agency which is responsible for ensuring protection of the health of the country’s population. This helps in providing important information which help individuals come up with right healthcare decisions. It is important to recognize that health statistics provides information regarding the health of individuals. Therefore, every individual forms a part of some health statistics just like everyone has birth statistics. Healthcare statistics are also important in determining the percentage of population suffering from a certain disease hence the diseases prevalence as suggested by Plichta and Garzon (2008). This is important as it helps the government to plan for the healthcare budget which accommodates all individuals. Many healthcare organizations have tried to improve their quality of service and profitability simply because they have not considered application of statistics in their transformation. Those companies which have achieved these is through the application of statistical thinking in reducing process variation. The use of scientific approach in the analysis of data in any healthcare organization is an important element for improving quality of services. The scientific approach which employs statistics enables studying process variation and relationships via the objective use of data. As a result of this a technology termed as Statistical Process Control (SPC), has been applied in healthcare organizations as a way of understanding, improving and managing the quality of healthcare processes. The SPC helps the healthcare management to realize the performance and the ability of a certain process a ccording to Berger (2008). Control charts are used in healthcare organizations for complimenting healthcare institution epidemiology techniques through the provision of additional process information. Flowcharts are also used in defining and understanding patients’ status as well as redesigning the process of their treatment. An example of statistics collected in the healthcare situation is presented in table 1 below. One organization that relies heavily on statistics to accomplish its tasks and to make decisions is

Censorship is a form of protection Essay Example for Free

Censorship is a form of protection Essay Censorship applies to magazines, videos, films, radio, music, computer games and television. Censorship is a form of protection, instead of stopping you from being robbed like the police force, censorship protects you and your families from pornographic, violent, bloody, rude, vulgar and racist programming. It regulates the broadcasting time of programmes with adult content after the 9oclock-water shed so viewers of a younger age such as small children hopefully will not see the programme. It stops the extreme programmes such as hard core porn violent films where the gore is to extreme. Thats what censorship does now imagine television without censorship you could be flicking through the channels and neighbours could be on one the weakest link on two and f**k fest on three a nice hardcore porn film for the little ones to watch when they get home from school. Without censorship anything would go any time, So lets have a look at whats on without censorship, the Teletubbies could have great big battles with each other or go hunting and shoot the rabbits and on an educational note they could demonstrate how to skin and gut the rabbits for the kids at home. Later on in the day the Weakest Link could become the nude Weakest Link where Anne Robinson could prance about in a PVC catsuite and give a good old SM style spanking to the person voted the Weakest link, and I dont think any body wants to Anne Robinson in the Buff? Later on now comes the news which could broadcast news on a what happened in Afghanistan before the war, they could have show live battles between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance where men get limbs blown off, mutated bodies of captured prisoners and worse not something you would really want to watch real people really dying over tea or any other time for that matter. At about 7:30 say a do it yourself programme presented by Carol Smiley where you dab your hand at DIY torture with expert guidance from Laurence Llewelyn Bowen who shows you how to keep your victim alive for as long as possible while giving the maximum amount of pain, although having a room designed by him would be torture enough. Now at 8:00 we have time for a nice wholesome hardcore porn film before the kids go to bed. People like Osama Bin Ladin could give speeches on television saying how he was going to destroy America the Jews Britain and everyone whose not Muslim. Although this is extreme it what could happen without censorship. Censorship upholds the moral fabric of society. It stops extreme programming being aired on British television. The question is do you want young children being able to view programmes which are unsuitable for them which would scare them give them nightmares having them cry at the sight of a mutilated human body on tv watching porn and asking their parents what does f**k mean and whats a ****. Young childrens minds are impressionable and we should do what we can to protect them from certain things until they are old enough to understand it to be able to sleep well without thinking some psychos at their window waiting to burst in with a chain saw and massacre them. Do you want to watch porn? Then watch Television X or by a porn film, which stops children from watching these types of programmes. Without censorship anything would go and it would be absolutely legal. Without censorship we would allow the decay of our society. Censorship does not hide you from the real world but simply takes the edge off by not allowing certain things to be viewed in their full detail before 9 or on television where most people do not wish to see the extreme programmes such as hardcore porn. But allows the specialist things to be purchased on video where people buy the video knowing full well the type of material it contains.

The Focus on Cultural Competency in the Social Work Profession Essay

The focus of social work practice can be best described as a pendulum, with major theoretical shifts occurring in accordance with, among many things, social climate, funding, and federal and state legislation. Thus, incorporating concepts of cultural competency into the clinical setting has been an evolutionary process. The focus on cultural competency in the social work profession has developed from a trend, to what is now regarded as an academic knowledge base and professional standard (Bridge, Massie & Mills, 2008). The nineties marked a shift towards multicultural and cultural diversity competency, it is still a fairly novel concept†¦.. In many instances discussions on cultural competency have been broached by non-social work professionals and in terms of multicultural therapy and counseling (Lu, Lum & Chen, 2001). With the client population becoming a more expansive group in terms of socioeconomic level, race, gender identification, and sexual orientation, it is imperative that clinicians engaged in cross-cultural work conduct ongoing â€Å"self-inventories,† and be involved in collaborative discussions with their agency in regards to cultural competency. The following paper will be a perspective on my conception of cultural competency as a clinical social worker in an agency setting. McPhatter (1997) defines cultural competency as the ability to bring cultural awareness and understanding into â€Å"health and/or psychosocial interventions that support and sustain healthy client-system functioning within the appropriate cultural context (pg.261).† Akin to many of my peers, I am inclined to envision myself upon graduation as a self-aware, knowledgeable, enthusiastic clinician capable of servicing all kinds of clients without prejudices... ...ural contexts, it is crucial that cultural competency garners attention from both the clinician, and agency. The ongoing work involved in this journey is emotionally demanding, and I find it incredibly helpful to revisit the very reason why I choose this profession. As Elizabeth J. Clarke, Executive Director of the National Association of Social Workers so eloquently states, â€Å"We are holders of hope for our clients, our communities, and our society†¦. social work is the last best profession (pg.11).† Given that, it is critical that as social workers we remember that although discussing societal constructs, such as, racism, classism, sexism, and homophobia in the therapeutic relationship can be remarkably challenging, by engaging in such conversations you are combating the power that these constructs possess in your life, your client’s and the global society at large.

Poverty in India Essay

Poverty is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic needs. Poverty can be understood simply as a lack of money, or more broadly in terms of barriers to everyday life. It refers to a situation where a person is unable meet the basic necessities of life. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the state of severe deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care, education and information. The amount of income a person or family needs to purchase an absolute amount of the basic necessities of life. These basic necessities are identified in terms of calories of food, BTUs of energy, square feet of living space, etc. The problem with the absolute poverty level is that there really are no absolutes when in comes to consuming goods. Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. There are several other different income inequality metrics, for example the Gini coefficient or the Theil Index. Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates in several developed countries. As such these poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. The measurements are usually based on a person’s yearly income and frequently take no account of total wealth. Definitions United Nations: Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to food and clothing a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. World Bank: Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low  levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life. Copenhagen Declaration: Absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to social services. The term ‘absolute poverty’ is sometimes synonymously referred to as ‘extreme poverty.’ World Health Organisation: Poverty is associated with the undermining of a range of key human attributes, including health. The poor are exposed to greater personal and environmental health risks, are less well nourished, have less information and are less able to access health care; they thus have a higher risk of illness and disability. Conversely, illness can reduce household savings, lower learning ability, reduce productivity, and lead to a diminished quality of life, thereby perpetuating or even increasing poverty. Poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a given country. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a revised figure of $1.25 at 2005 purchasing-power parity (PPP). Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, India’s central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line. Poverty in India The problem of poverty and unemployment is considered as the biggest  challenge to development planning in India. High poverty levels are synonymous with poor quality of life, deprivation, malnutrition, illiteracy and low human resource development. The slogan of poverty eradication has been adopted by all political parties in one form or another and there is a national agreement for the goal of poverty alleviation. The national consensus on poverty alleviation provided the necessary condition for launching various schemes and programmes aimed at achieving this objective. But the persistence of poverty during all these years suggests that the national consensus on objectives did not and could not provide sufficient conditions for poverty alleviation. The starting point for estimating the number of households below the poverty line is a nutritional requirement per person per day at some base point. There is a debate on the minimum calorie requirement, and whether it should be the same for all parts of the country. Most acceptable figures are 2,400 calories per person per day in rural areas, and 2,200 calories per person per day in urban areas. The next step is to translate the nutrient requirement into monetary terms. The expenditure level of households which are able to spend the requisite amount to obtain the desired calories serves as the cut-off point, or the poverty line. To adjust the poverty line over a period of time, price variations have to be considered and an appropriate price deflator has to be selected. The problem arises in deciding upon such a deflator. Thus, the following elements mainly affect the magnitude of the poverty ratio: (i) the nutrition norm (translated into monetary terms); (ii) price deflator used to update the poverty line; and (iii) pro rata adjustment in the number of households in different expenditure classes to determine the number of households below and above the poverty line. Different assumptions and methods are used for these three purposes, which accounts for the different estimates provided by scholars. The Planning Commission has been estimating the incidence of poverty at the national and state level using the methodology contained in the report of the Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor (Lakdawala Committee) and applying it to consumption expenditure data from the large sample surveys on consumer expenditure conducted by the NSSO (National Sample Survey Organisation) at an interval of approximately five years. Estimates of Poverty (Per cent) Year All India Rural Urban All India Poverty Ratio Rural Poverty Ratio Urban Poverty Ratio Number (per cent) Number (per cent) Number (per cent) (Million) (Million) (Million) 1973-74 321 54.9 261 56.4 60 49.0 1977-78 329 51.3 264 53.1 65 45.2 1983 323 44.5 252 45.7 71 40.8 1987-88 307 38.9 232 39.1 75 38.2 1993-94 320 36.0 244 37.3 76 32.4 1999-2000 260 26.1 193 27.1 67 23.6 2004-05 239 21.8 170 21.8 68 21.7 Problems caused due to poverty Human poverty measures suggest even worse outcomes than for income poverty in India. India has never been a good performer in human development terms, despite the much better indicators in some states, particularly Kerala. Overall, both health and education indicators have lagged well below those in other countries at similar levels of development and with similar per capita income. But food poverty has been of particular concern. Recent studies have shown alarming levels of hunger, especially in certain states of India. Studies by IFPRI and ISHI quoted in Banerjee (2008) suggest that most states in India rank somewhere among the poor Sub-Saharan countries:  Punjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Assam have a „serious‟ level of hunger; Madhya Pradesh fares worst in the „extremely alarming‟ cohort of hunger. All the other states record an „alarming‟ level of hunger, which is also the general ranking for the whole country. More appallingly, the situation appears to have worsened in the recent period of rapid economic growth. National Sample Surveys shows declining per capita calorie consumption, not only among the entire population, but also among the bottom quartiles, for which consumption was already very inadequate by international standards. Other indicators of both nutrition and health are also extreme. The latest National Family Health Survey for 2005–06 shows that the proportion of underweight children below the age of five years was 45.6 per cent in rural India and 32.7 per cent in urban India, indicating hardly any change from the previous survey undertaken eight years previously. More than one-third of the rural population was also underweight. Anaemia often a good indicator of nutritional deprivation was also widespread: 79.2 per cent of children aged 12–23 months and 56.2 per cent of ever-married women between 15 and 59 years were found to be anaemic. Conclusion Poverty Alleviation Programmes The poverty alleviation programme have been broadly classified into self-employment programmes, wage employment programmes, food safety programme and social security programmes. The focus is on the central government schemes only. It is not possible to map the special programmes of all the states. It must be noted here that some of the progressive states have added additional components or given further subsidy to enhance the benefits of the central schemes. For example, in the highly subsidized public distribution system of Andhra Pradesh, the BPL card holders were provided rice at Rs. 2 per kg. Self-employment programmes: This programme was started in 1970s in rural areas of the country in the name of Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) to increase the source of income of small farmers and landless labourers. The beneficiaries were given subsidized credit, training, and infrastructure, so that they could find new sources of  earning. In this scheme, agricultural labourers and small farmers received new skills to involve in vocations other than cultivating land. They included fishery, animal husbandry, and forestry. In the 1980s, this scheme was extended to schedule castes and tribes, women and rural artisans. Wage employment programmes: The main purpose of the wage employment programmes is to provide a livelihood during the lean agricultural season as well as during drought and floods. Under these programmes, villagers worked to improve the village infrastructure such as deepening the village ponds, constructing village schools and improving the rural roads. Thus the programmes not only provided employment to the villagers but also improved village infrastructure and created village public assets. A positive fall out of this programme is that it created higher demand for village labour, thereby pushing up the wage of the labourer in the villages. Food security programmes: Meeting the very basic need of access to food is a major challenge to the government in the post-economic reform era. Those who are below poverty line are faced with the problem of meeting this very basic need. Starvation and hunger have been reported in different parts of the country, even in economically advanced states like Maharashtra. There is malnutrition in all age groups, especially among children. Problem of low birth weight due to under nutrition of mother during pregnancy and underweight of children are rampant in the country. The purchasing power of certain section of the society is so low that they cannot access food at the market price. They need the safety net of food subsidy. In this context, public distribution system or PDS assumes importance. Social security programmes: Social security programmes are meant for those who are at the bottom of the BPL facing destitution and desertion. The central government has launched the National Social Assistance Programme or NSAP in August 1995. Under NSAP, there are three schemes. The first one is the National Old Age Pension Scheme or NOAPS. A pension amount of Rs. 75 per month is given to those who are above the age of 65 years and are destitute without any regular source of income or support from any family members or relatives. Though it is a very useful scheme for the elderly destitute, the coverage of the programme was not satisfactory. In the year 1999-2000, 8.71 million eligible elderly were identified, but the scheme could reach out to only 5 million beneficiaries. It was found that the benefits really reached the  poor and the leakage rate was found to be low.

Primary caregiving for Toddlers in Early childhood education Essay

Essay: Primary caregiving for Toddlers in Early childhood education Within this assessment I aim to investigate primary caregiving for toddlers in early childhood education; considering the influence of historical and contemporary developments, theoretical perspectives, quality provision, specific pedagogical approaches and my personal professional philosophy of teaching and learning. Primary caregiving describes the relationship between toddlers and the most significant adult within their life, generally referring to their mother (Bernhardt, 2000); in early childhood education this concept refers to a kaiako taking on the primary role of their care within the learning environment. Primary caregiving in early childhood education has been recognised as the perfect opportunity to engage in sensitive and responsive encounters; such as nappy changing, feeding and observing the toddler within the environment, the observations are used to gather information for curriculum development and to communicate to parents (Rolfe, 2004). Clarence Edward Beeby and his wife Beatrice established the first play centre, in Wellington in 1941 (Stover, 2010). The emphasis of play centre was parent involvement, parents stay with their child/children throughout the session. Play centres are parent-led early childhood centres offering quality education for children in small mixed-age groups. The play centre association provide free parenting and early childhood education for parent members. In 1963, Sonia Davies established The New Zealand Childcare Association (NZCA) recognised as a courageous and charismatic leader, working to support private and community early childhood learning environments and those involved within the organisation. The notion of NZCA was to promote a quality in early childhood education (Stover, 2010, p. 12). In the 1980s, quality in early childhood education was investigated leading to the development of the Meade Report (1988); the government commissioned and identified recommendations regarding quality in early childhood education services in Aotearoa/New Zealand the Meade report includes but is not limited to group size, staff/child ratio, and providing a safe and healthy environment. Theoretical perspectives can be linked to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory; identifying the layers of influence in a child’s life, focusing on the quality and context of the child’s environment. Bronfenbrenner explains how relationships within social and cultural worlds influence behaviours, development and learning, shaping us into who we become (Drewery & Bird, 2004). Lev Vygotsky believed who we are and what we do is due to the influence of our cultural surroundings, referring to socio-cultural philosophy of learning (Vialle, Lysaght, Verenikina, 2005). Vygotsky an influential contributor to the evolving acknowledgment of the significance of relationships in learning and development, believed children engage in and undertake tasks when they have a mentor guiding them; involving positive interactions between adults and children (Arthur, Bleecher, Dickett, Farmer & Death, 2005). The attachment theory developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth in 1969 was inspired by ethological research on imprinting behaviour (Lorenz, 1952); developed to provide information regarding the way children gain perception of relationships, identifying a set of observable behaviours relating to social and emotional attachment. Bowlby believed the quality of attachment relationships forms the foundation of emotional development; the attachment theory explains how young children from bonds with specific people, such as parents or other close adults such as kaiako. A secure attachment status supports the toddler to explore freely, seeking support when needed. Loughran (2010) identified in pedagogy as the relationship between teaching and learning, understanding this interplay between teaching and learning and learning and teaching is an important shift in focus from teaching alone because it really means the two exist together† Relationship pedagogy recognises toddlers individual learning techniques accompanied by the kaiako’s reflection where the kaiako identify and implement personal values and beliefs into the care and education within the learning environment. . Gallagher and Mayer (2008) recognised pedagogical involvements with toddlers as gentle, responsive and individualised timely adjustments, responding to children’s verbal and non-verbal cues, temperament, cultural background, interests and current ‘zone of proximal development’. The introduction of a three-year early childhood teacher-education qualification in 1987 provoked kaiako to reflect on their practice with infants and toddlers with the intent to see teaching and learning as a holistic endeavour going beyond physical care. The concept of quality in early childhood education has been under investigation for the last three decades, with significant research undertaken to examine the components of quality within the organisation (Dalli, White, Rockel & Duhn, 2011). Rolfe (2004) believes to foster relationship based pedagogy kaiako need to understand attachment theory, and the implications of pedagogical relationships. Dalli, (et al., 2011) identifies relationship pedagogy comprising of care, respect and security involving responsive relationships, by understanding the manner in which the kaiako approaches relationship pedagogy is influenced by individual perceptions of the child as learner. Through building relationships getting to know the children kaiako are able to observe the learning which takes place (Dalli, et al. , 2011). The Ministry of Education, [MoE] 1996 acknowledges the importance of responsive relationships in early childhood education: â€Å"In order to thrive and learn, a toddler must establish an intimate, responsive, and trusting relationship with at least one other person† (p. 22). I recognise relationships are an important characteristic of early childhood education, which impacts toddlers learning and development within the environment. As an early childhood educator I am committed to supporting young children and their whanau throughout the child’s early childhood education; in able to support children throughout their learning journey it is imperative I understand the unique qualities of each child within my care, through implementing a primary caregiving system I would be able to form quality relationships with a small group of toddlers and their parents/whanau. Primary Caregiving System refers to the allocation of specific kaiako to individual children, the kaiako are responsible for the toddler’s overall well-being within the environment. To ensure quality care the toddler needs to form a secure attachment with their primary caregiver. Quality relationships between kaiako and toddler’s, fosters learning and development; this supports the kaiako to adapt and support individualised learning opportunities. Many theorists, including those whose ideas underpin the principles and strands of Te Whariki, support the significance of nurturing responsive reciprocal relationships through primary caregiving. Relationships developed from implementing the primary caregiving system can be supported by Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky’s theories, by the way in which relationships shape and influence a child’s development. Relationship pedagogy recognises individual pace of learning, which in turn provides a structure for discourse. The New Zealand Childcare Association (NZCA) was founded in 1963 to support learning environments to promote quality early childhood education (Stover, 2010, p. 12). Reference List Arthur, L. Bleecher, B. Dockett, S. & Death, E. (2005), Programming and planning in early childhood settings (3rd ed.) Southbank, Victoria, Australia: Thompson. Bernhardt, J. L. (2000). A primary caregiving system for infants and toddlers: Best for everyone involved. Young Children, 55(2), 74-80. Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds. ), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1-2, Serial No. 209), 3-35. Dalli, C. , White, E. J. , Rockel, J. , Duhn, I. , with Buchanan, E. , Davidson, S. , Ganly, S. , Kus, L. , & Wang, B. (2011). Quality early childhood education for under-two-year-olds: What should it look like? A literature review. Retrieved from http://www. educationcounts. govt. nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/89532/965_QualityECE_Web-22032011. pdf Drewery, W. Bird, L. (2004). Human development in Aotearoa: A journey through life. New Zealand: McGraw Hill New Zealand. Gallagher, K. C. , & Mayer, K. (2008). Enhancing development and learning through teacher-child relationships. Young Children, 63(6), 80–87. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whariki: He whariki matauranga mo nga mokopuna o Aotearoa/early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media. Rolfe, S. (2000). Understanding relationships between professional carers and toddler. In child care: A case study, action research approach. The First Years Nga Tau Tuatahi. New Zealand Journal of infant and Toddler Education, 2(1), 9-12. Stover, S. (2010). A rapid history of early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand. In B. Clark & A. Grey (Eds. ), Perspectives on early childhood education: Ata kitea te pae – Scanning the horizon. North Shore, New Zealand: Pearson. Vialle, W. , Lysaght, P. , & Verenikina, I. (2005). Psychology for Educators.

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Essays

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Essays Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Essay Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Essay The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender is offense novel about modern-day Australian life. written with all the ambiguity and moral edification of most â€Å"who dun-nits â€Å" . It looks like offense. and sounds similar offense. and sells like offense. but - it’s Literature! Its Opening is a corruption of the genre – a reversal of outlook as we are duped into believing this is your typical male private oculus ( P. I. ) . The function reversal – a female in a traditional male dominated field ; adult females can make everything work forces can make – challenges the stereotypes of traditional offense fiction. Purpose: ( subjects. concerns. issues chief ideas†¦. ) 1. To make a sense of topographic point - Sydney. Marele Day had spent four old ages going the universe and when she came back to Sydney recognised its particular appeal and ambiance. She became determined to compose a book about it and its particular entreaty. a ) Find mentions to Sydney. favorable and unfavorable. * what facets are emphasized? * In entirety how does Day show Sydney? * what are the links with the yesteryear? * what is meant by the â€Å"facade of Sydney’ ? 2. Corruptness and intuition V probity and trust. 3. Consequence of engineering - have we become dehumanised? Will engineering return over from worlds? * What is the relationship between humanity and engineering? 4. Isolation - Most of the characters are isolated in one manner or another. * Find as many illustrations of isolation as possible. * What overall remark is made about isolation? * Is there a connexion between it and engineering? II. TECHNIQUE 1. Day uses a batch of the technique of modern twenty-four hours movies – particularly the â€Å"black and white† scenes on Harry Lavender. How is he portrayed? He is really degage and distant. We the audience get to see and hear what Claudia is non secluded to. Be these infusions from the book Mark Bannister was composing? 2. Remark on Claudia Valentine’s Phrasingà ¾ Claudia speaks in the mode of a hard-bitten worldly wise Private Investigator ( P. I. ) . slipperiness. glib. swaggering. at times fresh ( cheeky ) and sometimes lingua in cheek. â€Å"Live fast. dice immature. and go forth a good looking corpse† ( 22 ) â€Å"I was altering autos more frequently than I changed my underwear† ( 101 ) â€Å"But it’s one â€Å"It’ll be dead terminal if you don’t. Now move† ( 162 ) Word Play Double entendre ( intending ) â€Å"It must hold been a works. † â€Å"A lavender works. † ( 126 ) â€Å"Terminal illness† ( 6. 17. 20. â€Å"Alter. ( 141†¦ â€Å"curse. pointer ( 143†¦ bosom ( 55. â€Å"waiting for the developers to give them a new rental of life. or possibly merely a new rental. † ( 69 ) Humour â€Å"wit† â€Å"I delay for barefaced work forces to go through by and ash on their caputs ( 23 ) one of the former and two of the latter. and the former is former† her answer to Steve sing her matrimonial position. ( 27 ) â€Å"You put it off. Otto. you don’t cognize where it’s been. † â€Å"That’s the problem. † he moaned. it hasn’t been anyplace recently. ( 53 ) societal commentary â€Å"Divorced? † â€Å"Isn’t everyone? † ( 27 ) â€Å"I had made a error acquiring into a auto with a observant policeman† â€Å"You immature common people are ever in a haste. † she said pull offing a smiling. ( 45 ) â€Å"pollution and panpipes ( 54 ) . adult females ( 54 ) . fast nutrient ( 68 ) à ¾

Olympics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Olympics - Term Paper Example In the event, the games will take two cluster organization methods. There would be a coastal cluster for ice events in Sochi, and a mountain cluster located in the Krasnaya Polyana Mountains (Nauright and Charles 76). There are expectations this kind of arrangement would make the games one of the most compact Olympic Committee has ever organized. The Sochi Olympic Park construction is along the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinskaya Valley. This is where all ice venues would take place. These include the Bolshoi Ice Palace, the Sochi Olympic Skating center, the Maly Ice Palace, the Olympic Oval, the Olympic Curling Center, the Central Stadium, and the main Olympic Village. In the mountain cluster in Krasnaya Polyana, this would be the home of all skiing and sliding sports activities (Hofstetter 78). The preparation for these games has triggered construction of new and modern telecommunications, electric power, new Olympic Park along the coast of Black sea, and transportation systems. W omen gymnastics would feature and as expected, the China Women gymnastic team would rock the event (Franks 88). They have previously put some distance on the other contenders in past Olympic Gymnasium competitions. Team goal or task – Level of difficulty In order to recreate the amazing moments that prompted the women gymnastics team of China to be branded exceptional, there ought to be more of what this women team have been doing. This actually calls for perfectionist awareness of the skills needed to be a top contestant in the 2014 Sochi Olympics. The women teams needs medal, and for that golden medal to come by, they know that not only thorough preparations and rehearsals will come calling in the subsequent days but also their bodies need to reach that high level of flexibility (Coma?neci 64). Since the attaining number four in Olympics competitions for China women gymnastics in 2012, there has been that pressure and pursuit of the entire team to reach that level of perfec tion. The team can win everything by not only producing a stunning performance but also attaining the level of flawless performance. The team’s head coach Lu Shanzhen, would want a repeat of the 1996 margin of almost near perfect performance over the most competitive opponents even if it were not the Russians (Crawley, Sara, Lara and Constance 102). This came to a success because the entire country, board and the bench team were exceptional. The coaching staff and the gymnasts need to wake into reality that their greatest task and level of difficult is the repeat of the standards once termed by the Bela Karolyi, a legendary gymnastic coach in US as performance so rare for 16 years old minors (Nauright, John, and Charles 110). The China team comprises of a beautiful bouquet of individual talent, which showed greater unity, mental toughness, and togetherness to compete 2012 Olympics (Hofstetter 79). The same zeal and commitment is the ultimate goal if the team has to affirm ful ly its heights in the sport of gymnasts. In order to put 1996 and 2012 performances in line of repeat, the head coach is ensuring that the team remains a solid entity despite individual talents and skills. There are no cracks of jealousy and rivalries among the gymnasts if success is their goal in 2014 Sochi Olympics. The team goes through individual qualifying by challenging each other in order to reach the individual all around. This is the pre-trial performances that have helped in fine-tuning the bests of these gymnasts and even makes

Domestic Violence Outline Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Domestic Violence Outline Questions - Essay Example There is also a notion that men are aggressive and combative in nature hence likely to batter their wives. Generally, domestic violence is viewed as women problem hence the picture created is that of a battered woman physically assaulted thus ignoring emotional abuse. It is therefore imperative to ask why women are the most victims as shown by the figures and women advocates’ grievances. Culture is considered a great contributor to domestic violence. Most traditional societies advocated for wife beating as a sign of love and to gain respect (Jaffe, 2006). Culture also determines gender roles in society where a man is supposed to be a provider to the family and the place of a woman is in the kitchen. Women are supposed to be submissive to their husbands and not to question his decisions. Women in some societies do not own property and neither engage in paid jobs hence rely on the husband for survival. Even if engaged in employment they are lowly paid as they take up simple tasks due to their feminism. They are thus prone to abuse by their spouses for example by refusal of financial needs and emotional and physical abuse. Some men who depend on wives for survival are also prone to violence. Boys and girls are socialized into different roles as they grow up and this affects their future. Those who grow up in an abusive family are likely to end up being violent adults (Davis, 1998). On the other hand, not all children exhibit or take up the behavior as adults. Some learn its consequences and would not like to end up as their parents. Some develop fear which makes them prone to abuse. Nowadays people are educated and no longer practice those traditions of wife beating but gender equity has not been achieved and will take long to achieve (Davis, 1998). Feminists should therefore establish new ways of curbing domestic violence. All this debate about

Should the UK government restore the 50% additional rate of income tax Essay - 4

Should the UK government restore the 50% additional rate of income tax - Essay Example From a general perspective, one can easily identify the motives of the UK government in terms of pumping out fund flow from the economy. Observing with an economic perspective, the tax hike initiative of the UK government can be categorized as a major deterrent factor that has slowed down the pace of functionality of this nation’s economy by a considerable extent (Young & Saltiel, 2011). UK citizens, in the present market economic scenario, are literally forced towards paying high rates of taxes whereas the lower income groups are made to pay marginal amounts. Considering all these aspects, the discussion will majorly focus towards answering the currently rising question regarding whether the UK government should restore the 50 per cent additional hike of income tax rates. Maintaining correspondence, the details regarding these aspects have been elaborated in the underneath sections. As mentioned above, the objective of this paper is to analyse the impacts of income tax hike on the overall trade practices and economic pace of development of the UK. Based on the findings generated thereupon, appropriate conclusions will be made constructed as to whether the UK government should bring down its present income tax levels to 50% as previous. In contemporary macro-economic concepts, taxation is deemed as one of the fundamental tenets that holds significant influence on the stability and performance of any nation. It operates as a basic mechanism in the financial system of a country. The history behind imposing an additional 50% on the existing income tax rates can directly be linked with the hollow and un-rational mentality of the coalition government. The coalition government intended to impose a higher level of tax burden upon the richer income groups with the intention of attaining better revenue inflow along with stability in the overall wealth distribution process within